NCERT Class 10 Maths Book: Chapters, PDFs, What’s Inside

The NCERT Class 10 Maths book — the official Mathematics textbook published by NCERT for CBSE Class 10 — runs 14 chapters across 217 printed pages, and every chapter’s official PDF is linked on this page. The chapters run from Real Numbers (Chapter 1) to Probability (Chapter 14).

Beyond the PDFs, this page gives a chapter-by-chapter breakdown measured from the book itself: how many named sections each chapter runs, where each starts, and how many exercise questions close it. A student can see at a glance which chapters are long, which carry the heaviest question load, and which chapter holds the topic they were asked about.

Download the official chapter PDFs

All fourteen files below are NCERT’s own, hosted on ncert.nic.in — the same free PDFs the official textbook page publishes, safe to download and keep for offline revision. You can also open the official NCERT index page for the Class 10 Mathematics textbook, which lists every chapter PDF (jemh101 to jemh114) in one place.

The book, measured: Class 10 Maths NCERT at a glance

• 14 chapters, from Real Numbers (Chapter 1) to Probability (Chapter 14)
• 14 verified chapter PDFs, all hosted on ncert.nic.in
• 217 printed pages in the official PDFs
• 57 named sections — NCERT’s own numbered headings, indexed on this page
• 259 exercise questions across the 14 chapters
• 1 activity — and it sits in Chapter 13 (Statistics)
• Class 10 Maths NCERT Exemplar — a separate NCERT publication with extra practice problems, not part of the 14 chapters above; the official link is in the FAQs below

One caveat before planning revision: textbook contents and the examinable syllabus are not always identical — check the current official syllabus.

Class 10 Maths book index: what’s inside each chapter

The directory below is read out of the book itself. A section is one of NCERT’s own numbered headings, a question is an end-of-chapter exercise, and an activity is a printed activity. This edition prints its diagrams without captions, so this page indexes sections, questions and activities rather than figures.

Chapter 1: Real Numbers (pp. 1-9)

Real Numbers opens the book with prime factorisation — the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic — and the proof that roots like \( \sqrt{2} \) are irrational; it is the foundation a student needs before the algebra chapters that follow.

1. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic (p. 2)
2. Revisiting Irrational Numbers (p. 6)

With 4 named sections and 10 of the book’s 259 exercise questions across 9 pages, it is a short opening chapter — but the number work in it is assumed everywhere later.

Chapter 2: Polynomials (pp. 10-23)

Polynomials links the zeroes of a polynomial to its graph and to its coefficients — the bridge between the algebra of Chapter 1 and the geometry later in the book, and a useful repair for anyone who found Class 9 graphs confusing.

1. Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial (p. 11)
2. Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial (p. 18)

It has 4 sections and only 3 exercise questions, but those 3 carry 13 parts — a workload trap worth naming in prose.

Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (pp. 24-37)

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables teaches the two ways to solve two equations at once — by drawing their graphs (the graphical method) and by the algebraic substitution and elimination methods — the most method-heavy chapter in the algebra block, and the one to master before word problems with two unknowns.

1. Graphical Method of Solution of a Pair of Linear Equations (p. 25)
2. Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear Equations (p. 30)

With 6 sections and 12 questions that expand into 41 parts, budget more time here than the question count suggests.

Chapter 4: Quadratic Equations (pp. 38-48)

Quadratic Equations starts from what makes an equation quadratic, solves it by factorisation, and ends at the nature of roots — the discriminant that tells you how many real solutions exist. Finish it before attempting mixed algebra revision.

1. Quadratic Equations (p. 39)
2. Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Factorisation (p. 42)
3. Nature of Roots (p. 44)

It runs 5 sections and 13 questions over 11 pages — a compact, self-contained chapter.

Chapter 5: Arithmetic Progressions (pp. 49-72)

Arithmetic Progressions defines a sequence with a common difference and derives the nth term and the sum of the first n terms — the two formulas the whole chapter is built around — and pacing matters more here than in any other chapter.

1. Arithmetic Progressions (p. 51)
2. nth Term of an AP (p. 56)
3. Sum of First n Terms of an AP (p. 63)

With 5 sections, 24 pages and 44 of the book’s 259 questions (89 parts), this is the heaviest exercise load in the volume — spread it over several sittings.

Chapter 6: Triangles (pp. 73-98)

Triangles moves from similar figures to the criteria for similarity of triangles — the proof-based core of the geometry half of the book, and essential for any student who finds proof questions hard.

1. Similar Figures (p. 74)
2. Similarity of Triangles (p. 79)
3. Criteria for Similarity of Triangles (p. 85)

It is the longest chapter in the book at 26 pages, with 5 sections and 29 questions — expect diagram-based reasoning here.

Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry (pp. 99-112)

Coordinate Geometry replaces drawn constructions with two formulas — the distance between two points and the section formula for a point dividing a segment — turning geometry into calculation, and suiting students who prefer arithmetic to construction.

1. Distance Formula (p. 100)
2. Section Formula (p. 106)

It has 4 sections and 20 questions over 14 pages; most of the work is numerical rather than proof-based.

Chapter 8: Introduction to Trigonometry (pp. 113-132)

Introduction to Trigonometry defines the trigonometric ratios in a right triangle, fixes their values at the standard angles, and proves the identities that Chapter 9 will put to use — a must before Chapter 9, which assumes these ratios.

1. Trigonometric Ratios (p. 114)
2. Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles (p. 121)
3. Trigonometric Identities (p. 128)

With 5 sections and 19 questions (46 parts) over 20 pages, the identities section is where most of the practice sits.

Chapter 9: Some Applications of Trigonometry (pp. 133-143)

Some Applications of Trigonometry is the book’s single application chapter, built entirely around heights and distances, where the ratios from Chapter 8 measure real objects — a quick win for a student short on time.

1. Heights and Distances (p. 133)

It is the leanest structure in the book: 2 named sections and 15 questions over 11 pages, built on that one teaching section.

Chapter 10: Circles (pp. 144-153)

Circles covers the tangent to a circle and how many tangents can be drawn from an external point, with the perpendicular-radius property at the centre of its proofs — short theorems a student is expected to quote exactly.

1. Tangent to a Circle (p. 145)
2. Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle (p. 147)

With 4 sections and 17 questions over 10 pages, it is a short chapter whose theorems are quoted directly in exams.

Chapter 11: Areas Related to Circles (pp. 154-160)

Areas Related to Circles is the shortest chapter in the book and restricts itself to the areas of a sector and a segment of a circle — a chapter that can be finished in one sitting.

1. Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle (p. 154)

It runs 2 named sections and 14 questions over 7 pages — the shortest chapter in the book.

Chapter 12: Surface Areas and Volumes (pp. 161-170)

Surface Areas and Volumes combines solids — a cylinder capped with a cone, for instance — and works out the surface area and the volume of the combination of solids: formula practice for students who find mensuration repetitive but predictable.

1. Surface Area of a Combination of Solids (p. 162)
2. Volume of a Combination of Solids (p. 167)

It has 4 sections and 17 questions over 10 pages, every one of them a formula application rather than a proof.

Chapter 13: Statistics (pp. 171-201)

Statistics, the longest chapter in the book, computes the mean, mode and median of grouped data, working through dozens of data tables and the book’s only printed activity — a chapter that rewards careful table reading over formula recall.

1. Mean of Grouped Data (p. 171)
2. Mode of Grouped Data (p. 183)
3. Median of Grouped Data (p. 188)

With 5 sections and 22 questions over 31 pages, and 47 data tables, this is the table-driven chapter — practice means reading tables, not drawing diagrams.

Chapter 14: Probability (pp. 202-217)

Probability closes the book with the theoretical approach — probability as favourable outcomes over total outcomes — and suits a student who prefers counting cases to proving theorems.

1. Probability — A Theoretical Approach (p. 202)

It has 2 named sections and 24 questions (39 parts) over 16 pages — the second-largest question count in the book despite its small section list.

How the book is organised: algebra, geometry and data

The 14 chapters fall into three parts, and each part demands a different kind of work.

The middle part is the longest stretch at 98 pages. Chapter 5 alone holds 44 of the book’s 259 questions, and Chapter 13 is the only chapter with an activity, running 31 pages. At the other end, Chapters 9 and 11 are the leanest, built on a single teaching section each.

Chapter study pages: important questions for each Class 10 Maths chapter

Each chapter below links to its own study page on this site — what the sections teach, where the exercises sit, and the order to work through them.

Chapter-wise notes for this subject are not published yet. The unit-wise syllabus on this page is complete and verified against the official CBSE curriculum document.

How to use the CBSE Class 10 Maths book: a sensible order of work

Work in this order if you are starting fresh or revising under time pressure:

1. Chapters 1-2 first — prime factorisation and the zeroes of a polynomial are assumed everywhere later.
2. Chapters 3-4 next — the equation-solving methods build directly on Chapter 1.
3. Chapter 5 third, but paced — 44 questions is the heaviest single load in the book, so spread it over several days rather than one night.
4. The geometry block, Chapters 6-12 — read Chapter 8 before Chapter 9, because Heights and Distances applies the trig ratios.
5. Chapter 13 before Chapter 14 — Statistics is the longest chapter (31 pages) and the only one with an activity, so it needs fresh attention.
6. Chapter 14 as the closing sprint — 16 pages and 24 questions, mostly counting cases.

One workload mistake to avoid: judging a chapter by question count rather than parts. Polynomials has 3 questions but 13 parts, and Pair of Linear Equations has 12 questions with 41 parts — both take longer than their question numbers suggest.

Close by checking the current official CBSE syllabus to confirm which parts of the textbook are examinable this session.

Related resources

This listing is maintained for the 2026-27 academic session using the NCERT textbook information available to us. NCERT remains the authority for confirming the latest edition.

• NCERT books, all classes — the complete index of NCERT textbooks on this site.
• Class 10 NCERT books — every Class 10 textbook this site indexes, including this Maths book.
• Class 10 Science NCERT book — the sibling textbook of this Maths book, with its own chapter index.

Sources and data verification

• Where the numbers come from: the NCERT Class 10 Mathematics textbook itself — the official chapter PDFs (jemh101 to jemh114) hosted on ncert.nic.in, indexed from the book’s own pages.
• What this page covers, and what it does not: chapter page ranges, named sections, exercise questions and activities. This edition prints its diagrams without captions, so there is no figure index on this page, and no table index. These counts describe the textbook, not the CBSE subject scheme.
• Academic session: this listing is maintained for the current academic session using the NCERT information available to us.
• Who settles what: NCERT settles textbooks, editions and PDFs; CBSE settles curriculum, syllabus and examinations.

Reference: NCERT Class 10 Mathematics textbook, official edition on ncert.nic.in. Section titles quoted from the textbook; page references are to the official PDF.

Frequently asked questions

How many chapters are in the Class 10 Maths NCERT book?

Fourteen. The book runs from Chapter 1 (Real Numbers) to Chapter 14 (Probability) across 217 printed pages, with 57 named sections and 259 exercise questions in total.

Is the Class 10 Maths book PDF official and free to download?

Yes. NCERT publishes the Class 10 Mathematics textbook on ncert.nic.in, and every chapter PDF in the table above links straight to NCERT’s own files. No login or payment is involved.

Which chapter covers the distance formula and the section formula?

Chapter 7, Coordinate Geometry. The Distance Formula is section 7.2 on p. 100, and the Section Formula is section 7.3 on p. 106.

Which Class 10 Maths chapter has the most exercise questions?

Chapter 5, Arithmetic Progressions, with 44 exercise questions (89 parts). Chapter 14, Probability, is next with 24 questions.

Where can I get the NCERT Exemplar for Class 10 Maths?

The NCERT Exemplar for Class 10 Maths is a separate NCERT publication with extra, harder problems — it is not part of the 14 chapters of the main textbook. Download it free from the official NCERT portal.