If you are searching for the geography class 10 pdf, the file you want is the NCERT textbook Contemporary India-II — and the official download table for all seven chapters is just below. This page also tells you what is inside the book: how many pages each chapter runs, where the activities and figures sit, and how heavy the closing exercises are.
The PDF alone does not tell you which chapter to open tonight. The breakdown below does: per-chapter counts of activities, indexed figures and exercise questions, with page references you can check against the file itself.
Download the Geography Class 10 PDF, chapter by chapter
Every file below is NCERT’s own edition of Contemporary India-II, hosted on ncert.nic.in — the official source, free and in original print quality, not a scanned or third-party copy. The table lists each chapter, its title, its page range in the book and its direct NCERT link.
NCERT publishes each chapter as a separate PDF on its official textbook portal — Chapter 1, Resources and Development, opens at https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jess101.pdf, and the table below lists the other six. Opening the files from ncert.nic.in rather than a mirror keeps you on the official edition.
| Ch. | Chapter | Pages | Official PDF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Resources and Development | 12 | |
| 2 | Forest and Wildlife Resources | 6 | |
| 3 | Water Resources | 11 | |
| 4 | Agriculture | 12 | |
| 5 | Minerals and Energy Resources | 16 | |
| 6 | Manufacturing Industries | 13 | |
| 7 | Lifelines of National Economy | 13 |
The Geography Class 10 NCERT PDF at a glance
Verified totals for the whole book, counted from the textbook itself:
- 7 chapters across 83 printed pages
- 32 activities and find-out tasks
- 19 closing exercise questions, carrying 82 parts in total
- 53 verified numbered figures indexed from the textbook with their printed captions
- 0 named syllabus sections — the chapters run under unnumbered topic headings instead
Every number above is checkable: the per-chapter counts appear in the directory table further down, and each figure there carries its printed caption and page. These counts describe the NCERT textbook itself as this page holds it — not the CBSE subject scheme, which is broader.
One takeaway: this is a short book — 83 pages in seven chapters — and the figure weight is not spread evenly. Two chapters hold nearly half of the indexed figures.
What each chapter contains, read from the book
| Ch. | Chapter | Sections | Activities | Figures | Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Resources and Development | — | 4 | 10 | 3 |
| 2 | Forest and Wildlife Resources | — | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Water Resources | — | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| 4 | Agriculture | — | 3 | 14 | 3 |
| 5 | Minerals and Energy Resources | — | 4 | 11 | — |
| 6 | Manufacturing Industries | — | 7 | 5 | 3 |
| 7 | Lifelines of National Economy | — | 5 | 8 | 3 |
The directory counts four kinds of printed material. A section is a numbered heading of NCERT’s own — these chapters print none, so that column reads 0. A figure is a numbered figure indexed from the book with its printed caption; an activity is one of NCERT’s activity or find-out tasks; a question is a closing exercise, several of which carry sub-parts.
Notice the organisation: each chapter runs under unnumbered topic headings — Resource Planning in India, Types of Farming, Mode of Occurrence of Minerals — rather than numbered sub-sections. That is why the section column is empty and why these topic headings are the chapter’s natural signposts.
Chapter 1: Resources and Development (pp. 1-12)
The natural starting point, because it sets the book’s vocabulary. It defines what a resource is, works through the classification of resources, introduces sustainable development and Agenda 21 following the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, then turns to India on the ground: resource planning in India, land utilisation, the major soil types and soil erosion.
It runs 12 pages (NCERT, pp. 1-12) with 4 activities, 10 indexed figures and 3 closing questions split into 14 parts. The soil visuals sit early: Soil Profile (Fig. 1.5) on page 6, and Soil Erosion (Fig. 1.10) with Gully Erosion (Fig. 1.11) on page 10.
Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources (pp. 13-18)
The book’s shortest and most text-based chapter. It surveys India’s flora and fauna, the machinery of conservation including Project Tiger, the types and distribution of forest and wildlife resources, and the role of community and conservation.
It runs 6 pages (NCERT, pp. 13-18) with 3 activities, 4 closing questions (8 parts) and just 1 indexed figure — Rhino and deer in Kaziranga National Park (Fig. 2.2, p. 15). If you revise with diagrams, skim this chapter: there is almost nothing visual to collect from it.
Chapter 3: Water Resources (pp. 19-29)
This chapter treats water as a shared problem rather than a free gift: water scarcity, what multi-purpose river projects and integrated water resources management attempt, the hydraulic structures in ancient India that came before big dams, and house-level answers such as rooftop rainwater harvesting and bamboo drip irrigation.
It runs 11 pages (NCERT, pp. 19-29) with 6 activities — the book’s second-highest activity load — 4 indexed figures and 3 closing questions carrying 19 parts. The key figures are Hirakud Dam (Fig. 3.2, p. 22) and, both on page 26, Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting (Fig. 3.3) and the Traditional method of rainwater harvesting (Fig. 3.5).
Chapter 4: Agriculture (pp. 30-41)
The chapter for crop locations and farming types. It covers the types of farming — primitive subsistence, intensive subsistence and commercial — the cropping pattern, the major crops of rice, wheat, bajra, maize, sugarcane, tea and cotton, and the technological and institutional reforms that modernised Indian agriculture.
It runs 12 pages (NCERT, pp. 30-41) with 3 activities, 14 indexed figures — the most in the book — and 3 closing questions (8 parts). The crop photographs anchor the chapter: start with Wheat Cultivation (Fig. 4.5, p. 34) and Sugarcane Cultivation (Fig. 4.8, p. 36).
Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources (pp. 42-57)
The longest chapter and the map-heavy one. It opens with the mode of occurrence of minerals, sorts them through the classification of minerals into ferrous, non-ferrous and rock minerals, studies iron ore as the chief ferrous mineral, and closes with energy resources and their conservation.
It runs 16 pages (NCERT, pp. 42-57) — the book’s longest — with 4 activities, 11 indexed figures and no closing exercise set. It is the only chapter with 0 questions, so self-test with its in-text tasks and maps instead.
The state-wise share maps are its practice ground: Production of Manganese (Fig. 5.3, p. 45), Production of Bauxite (Fig. 5.5, p. 47) and, on the energy side, the Biogas Plant (Fig. 5.12, p. 55).
Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries (pp. 58-70)
This chapter argues that manufacturing turns raw material into income and jobs. It covers the importance of manufacturing, the classification of industries, the agro-based industries such as sugar, the mineral-based industries of iron and steel and aluminium smelting, and the chemical industries.
It runs 13 pages (NCERT, pp. 58-70) with 7 activities — the book’s most, making it the chapter with the most class-work prompts — and 5 indexed figures, with 3 closing questions (9 parts). Its opening argument is visual: Value addition in the textile industry (Fig. 6.1, p. 60) shows how processing adds worth to a raw fibre.
Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy (pp. 71-83)
The transport-and-trade chapter for map practice: roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, the major sea ports, and then international trade and tourism as a trade.
It runs 13 pages (NCERT, pp. 71-83) with 5 activities, 8 indexed figures and 3 closing questions carrying 24 parts — the largest part count in the book, so the heaviest self-test load sits here. The transport visuals are the Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway (Fig. 7.2, p. 72), Trucks being driven into the vessel at Mumbai port (Fig. 7.6, p. 77) and the Emergency call box on NH-48 (Fig. 7.10, p. 80).
What the figures in the Geography Class 10 book actually show
The directory counts each chapter’s figures; this table says what those figures teach. If you are hunting one specific visual — the soil diagram, the crop photos, the mineral share map — start here.
| Chapter | What its figures mostly show | What to study from them |
|---|---|---|
| Ch 1: Resources and Development | Soil profiles and the four soil types — Alluvial, Black, Laterite, Arid (Figs. 1.5-1.9); India’s land under relief features (Fig. 1.3); soil erosion and gully erosion (Figs. 1.10-1.11) | Tell the soil types apart by appearance and region; follow how sheet erosion deepens into gullies |
| Ch 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources | One wildlife-park photograph — Rhino and deer in Kaziranga National Park (Fig. 2.2) | Anchor the idea that conservation protects habitat, not single animals |
| Ch 3: Water Resources | Water scarcity (Fig. 3.1); Hirakud Dam (Fig. 3.2); rooftop and traditional rainwater harvesting (Figs. 3.3, 3.5) | Compare dam-based and harvesting-based approaches; connect scarcity to demand |
| Ch 4: Agriculture | Crop photographs — rice, wheat, bajra, maize, sugarcane, groundnut, tea, cotton — plus plantations and modern equipment (Figs. 4.2-4.15) | Match each crop to its region and season; the photos fix the cropping pattern |
| Ch 5: Minerals and Energy Resources | Mine sites and state-wise production share maps — manganese, bauxite, limestone (Figs. 5.2-5.7); biogas plant (Fig. 5.12) | Read the share maps and name the leading state for each mineral; check yourself against the map |
| Ch 6: Manufacturing Industries | Industrial plants and one process diagram — textile value addition (Fig. 6.1), NALCO smelter and HCL cable plant (Figs. 6.3, 6.6), sewage treatment and Ramagundam plants (Figs. 6.7, 6.8) | Follow the value-addition stages in Fig. 6.1; attach each plant photo to its industry |
| Ch 7: Lifelines of National Economy | Transport and ports — expressway, hilly tracts, border road, inland waterways, Mumbai and New Mangalore ports, oversize-cargo handling, NH-48 call box (Figs. 7.2-7.8, 7.10) | Practise port and highway locations on a map; use the photos to separate cargo types at ports |
A frequent mix-up worth naming: the state-wise production share maps for minerals sit in Chapter 5, not Chapter 1. Chapter 1 holds the land and soil maps — relief features and soil types — while the mineral production maps with percentage shares by state belong to Minerals and Energy Resources.
This page is a text index, so use the figure numbers above to jump straight to a diagram inside the PDF.
Chapter study pages on this site
Once you have picked your chapter, the study pages below teach it in full — concepts, figures and exercises together. Only pages marked Available are open, and the table keeps each chapter’s status honest.
Chapter-wise notes for this subject are not published yet. The unit-wise syllabus on this page is complete and verified against the official CBSE curriculum document.
The Class 10 hub links the rest of the Class 10 shelf.
How to use the Class 10 NCERT Geography book PDF
A working order for this specific book, based on the counts above:
- Start with Chapter 1 (Resources and Development). It sets the book’s vocabulary — resources, planning, soils — and later chapters assume it.
- Then Chapter 4 (Agriculture), the figure-heaviest at 14 indexed figures, where the crop photographs anchor revision.
- Then Chapter 5 (Minerals and Energy Resources), the longest at 16 pages but with no closing exercise set — self-test by naming minerals and states off the share maps.
- Chapter 6 (Manufacturing Industries) next, using its 7 activities as discussion prompts.
- Leave Chapter 7 (Lifelines of National Economy) for map practice, since its 3 questions carry 24 parts.
- Slot the short chapters between the long ones: Chapter 2 (6 pages) and Chapter 3 (11 pages) both fit comfortably between Chapters 1 and 4.
One caution before you start: textbook contents and the examinable syllabus are not always identical — check the current official syllabus before deciding what to revise.
Related NCERT book pages
Stay on this site for the rest of the shelf:
- All NCERT books — the full directory of class and subject pages, from the books root.
- Class 10 NCERT books — the hub for every Class 10 subject page this site holds.
Sources and data verification
This listing is maintained for the 2026-27 academic session using the NCERT textbook information available to us. NCERT remains the authority for confirming the latest edition.
- The figures and counts on this page describe the NCERT Class 10 Geography textbook Contemporary India-II, official edition hosted on ncert.nic.in. Figure captions and section titles are quoted from the textbook; page references are to the official PDF.
- This page covers that one book only — not the whole CBSE Class 10 Social Science scheme, which is set by CBSE and not listed here.
- This listing is maintained for the current academic session using the NCERT information available to us.
- NCERT settles textbooks, editions and PDFs; CBSE settles curriculum, syllabus and examinations.
Reference: NCERT Class 10 Geography textbook, official edition on ncert.nic.in. Figure captions and section titles quoted from the textbook; page references are to the official PDF.
Frequently asked questions
How many chapters are in the Class 10 NCERT Geography book?
Seven. The book is Contemporary India-II, and its 83 pages run through Resources and Development, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Water Resources, Agriculture, Minerals and Energy Resources, Manufacturing Industries, and Lifelines of National Economy.
Is the PDF on this page the official NCERT book file?
Yes. Every link in the download table points to NCERT’s own files on ncert.nic.in — the same free, original-quality PDFs the official portal serves.
Which chapter of the Class 10 Geography book covers agriculture and crops?
Chapter 4, Agriculture (NCERT, pp. 30-41). It covers the types of farming, the cropping pattern, the major crops and technological and institutional reforms, and its 14 indexed figures make it the visual chapter for this topic.
Which chapter covers minerals and energy resources, and what makes it different?
Chapter 5, Minerals and Energy Resources (NCERT, pp. 42-57). It is the longest chapter at 16 pages and the only one with no closing exercise set, so practise by naming minerals and leading states from its state-wise production share maps.
Where can I find the answers to the exercises in this book?
NCERT does not publish an official answer key for these closing exercises. Work them from the chapter text, figures and maps in the PDF itself; for map-based questions, an atlas or your teacher is the reliable check.