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NCERT Class 12 Physics Book Physics Part II: Chapters, Sections and Figures

The NCERT Class 12 Physics Book Physics Part II is the second half of the Class 12 Physics textbook: six chapters covering ray optics, wave optics, the dual nature of radiation and matter, atoms, nuclei, and semiconductor electronics.

This page is a verified index of the book — the six chapters with their printed page ranges, the 72 named sections with the page each starts on, and the 69 verified numbered figures with NCERT’s own captions.

The official NCERT chapter PDFs are linked in the directory below, so you can go from “which chapter has this?” to the file itself in one scroll.

The book, measured: 6 chapters across 123 printed pages, 72 named syllabus sections, 69 verified numbered figures indexed from the textbook, and 71 exercise questions.

The six chapters of the Class 12 Physics Part II book

This table is the book itself, measured — every count below can be checked by opening the PDF linked in each row.

Ch. Chapter Sections Activities Figures Questions
9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 17 — 20 31
10 Wave Optics 11 — 16 5
11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 13 — 5 11
12 Atoms 9 — 7 8
13 Nuclei 12 — 2 10
14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits 10 — 19 6

  • Chapter 9, Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, builds spherical mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection and the mirror equation, then turns them into working instruments — microscopes and telescopes.
  • Chapter 10, Wave Optics, answers the questions ray optics cannot — interference, diffraction and polarisation — through Huygens’ principle and Young’s double-slit experiment.
  • Chapter 11, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, sets the photoelectric effect against wave theory, introduces the photon, and closes with the wave nature of matter — de Broglie’s hypothesis.
  • Chapter 12, Atoms, moves from Rutherford’s scattering experiment and the nuclear model to Bohr’s model, energy levels and the hydrogen line spectra.
  • Chapter 13, Nuclei, is the most numerical of the six — atomic masses, nuclear binding energy, radioactivity and fission and fusion carry the marks, with almost no diagrams to lean on.
  • Chapter 14, Semiconductor Electronics, introduces energy bands, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, doping, the p-n junction diode and its use as a rectifier — nearly every idea in the chapter has a figure.

How the book is built: optics, modern physics, electronics

The six chapters fall into three content blocks. Knowing which block you are in tells you what kind of study the chapter needs.

  • Optics block: Chapters 9 and 10 together hold 36 of the 69 indexed figures — this is the diagram half of the book. Ray Optics (34 pages) builds the geometry; Wave Optics (19 pages) rebuilds the same phenomena as waves.
  • Modern physics block: Chapters 11, 12 and 13 carry only 14 figures combined. The ideas ride on experimental evidence and numerical work, not on diagrams.
  • Electronics block: Chapter 14 packs 19 figures into 21 pages — the most figure-dense chapter per page in the book. Nearly every idea has a band diagram or circuit.
Chapter Working style
Ch 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Diagram-driven
Ch 10 Wave Optics Diagram and derivation
Ch 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Experiment-driven
Ch 12 Atoms Experiment and model
Ch 13 Nuclei Numerical
Ch 14 Semiconductor Electronics Diagram-driven

Two facts shape revision. No activities are set anywhere in this part of the book, and Ray Optics alone carries 31 of the 71 exercise questions while Wave Optics carries only 5. Question load is not evenly spread — spend your time where the questions are.

Where students get stuck

  • Sign convention in Ch 9 (p.222): the Cartesian sign convention decides whether every distance in the mirror and lens equations is positive or negative, and all later calculations depend on it.
  • Wavefront diagrams in Ch 10 (pp.257-258): Huygens’ construction is visual; students lose marks when they cannot redraw the secondary wavelets.
  • Photoelectric graphs in Ch 11 (pp.277-279): three graphs look alike — intensity, potential and frequency each change a different quantity.
  • Reading the binding energy curve in Ch 13 (p.312): the curve’s peak near iron is the whole story of fission and fusion; students who cannot read it cannot answer the energy questions.
  • V-I characteristics of the diode in Ch 14 (p.336): forward and reverse bias have different scales, and exam diagrams expect the knee voltage marked.

Concept index: the book’s own section headings, with page numbers

These are the 72 named section headings exactly as printed in the book, with the page each starts on. If your teacher says “read up to 10.6.1”, this index shows you what that covers and where it begins.

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

  • 9.1 INTRODUCTION p. 221
  • 9.2 REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY SPHERICAL MIRRORS p. 222
  • 9.2.1 Sign convention p. 222
  • 9.2.2 Focal length of spherical mirrors p. 223
  • 9.2.3 The mirror equation p. 224
  • 9.3 REFRACTION p. 228
  • 9.4 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION p. 229
  • 9.4.1 Total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications p. 231
  • 9.5 REFRACTION AT SPHERICAL SURFACES AND BY LENSES p. 232
  • 9.5.1 Refraction at a spherical surface p. 232
  • 9.5.2 Refraction by a lens p. 234
  • 9.5.3 Power of a lens p. 236
  • 9.5.4 Combination of thin lenses in contact p. 237
  • 9.6 REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM p. 239
  • 9.7 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS p. 240
  • 9.7.1 The microscope p. 240
  • 9.7.2 Telescope p. 244

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

  • 10.1 INTRODUCTION p. 255
  • 10.2 HUYGENS PRINCIPLE p. 257
  • 10.3 REFRACTION AND REFLECTION OF PLANE WAVES USING HUYGENS PRINCIPLE p. 258
  • 10.3.1 Refraction of a plane wave p. 258
  • 10.3.2 Refraction at a rarer medium p. 260
  • 10.3.3 Reflection of a plane wave by a plane surface p. 260
  • 10.5 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT WAVES AND YOUNG'S EXPERIMENT p. 265
  • 10.6 DIFFRACTION p. 266
  • 10.6.1 The single slit p. 267
  • 10.6.2 Seeing the single slit diffraction pattern p. 268
  • 10.7 POLARISATION p. 269

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

  • 11.1 INTRODUCTION p. 274
  • 11.2 ELECTRON EMISSION p. 275
  • 11.3 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT p. 276
  • 11.3.1 Hertz's observations p. 276
  • 11.3.2 Hallwachs' and Lenard's observations p. 276
  • 11.4 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT p. 277
  • 11.4.1 Effect of intensity of light on photocurrent p. 278
  • 11.4.2 Effect of potential on photoelectric current p. 278
  • 11.4.3 Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential p. 279
  • 11.5 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT p. 280
  • 11.6 EINSTEIN'S PHOTOELECTRIC EQUATION: ENERGY QUANTUM OF RADIATION p. 281
  • 11.7 PARTICLE NATURE OF LIGHT: THE PHOTON p. 283
  • 11.8 WAVE NATURE OF MATTER p. 284

Chapter 12: Atoms

  • 12.1 INTRODUCTION p. 290
  • 12.2 ALPHA-PARTICLE SCATTERING AND RUTHERFORD’S NUCLEAR MODEL OF ATOM p. 291
  • 12.2.1 Alpha-particle trajectory p. 294
  • 12.2.2 Electron orbits p. 295
  • 12.3 ATOMIC SPECTRA p. 296
  • 12.4 BOHR MODEL OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM p. 297
  • 12.4.1 Energy levels p. 300
  • 12.5 THE LINE SPECTRA OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM p. 300
  • 12.6 DE BROGLIE'S EXPLANATION OF BOHR'S SECOND POSTULATE OF QUANTISATION p. 301

Chapter 13: Nuclei

  • 13.1 INTRODUCTION p. 306
  • 13.2 ATOMIC MASSES AND COMPOSITION OF NUCLEUS p. 306
  • 13.3 SIZE OF THE NUCLEUS p. 309
  • 13.4 MASS-ENERGY AND NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY p. 310
  • 13.4.1 Mass – Energy p. 310
  • 13.4.2 Nuclear binding energy p. 310
  • 13.5 NUCLEAR FORCE p. 313
  • 13.6 RADIOACTIVITY p. 314
  • 13.7 NUCLEAR ENERGY p. 314
  • 13.7.1 Fission p. 315
  • 13.7.2 Nuclear fusion – energy generation in stars p. 315
  • 13.7.3 Controlled thermonuclear fusion p. 317

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

  • 14.1 INTRODUCTION p. 323
  • 14.2 CLASSIFICATION OF METALS, CONDUCTORS AND SEMICONDUCTORS p. 324
  • 14.3 INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR p. 327
  • 14.4 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR p. 329
  • 14.5 p-n JUNCTION p. 333
  • 14.5.1 p-n junction formation p. 333
  • 14.6 SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE p. 334
  • 14.6.1 p-n junction diode under forward bias p. 334
  • 14.6.2 p-n junction diode under reverse bias p. 335
  • 14.7 APPLICATION OF JUNCTION DIODE AS A RECTIFIER p. 338

Which chapter has what you’re looking for

A quick lookup for the topics students search most often.

Topic Chapter Section Page
Microscope and telescope Ch 9 Ray Optics 9.7 Optical Instruments 240
Polarisation Ch 10 Wave Optics 10.7 269
Photoelectric effect Ch 11 Dual Nature 11.4 Experimental study 277
Rutherford’s scattering experiment Ch 12 Atoms 12.2 291
Nuclear binding energy Ch 13 Nuclei 13.4 310
p-n junction diode Ch 14 Semiconductors 14.6 334

Figure index: 69 verified figures with NCERT captions

The figure index below lists 69 verified numbered figures indexed from the textbook — figure number, NCERT’s printed caption, and the page it appears on.

Two things to know about this index. Two figure numbers are suppressed because of noise in the source scan, so a small gap in numbering does not mean a missing figure in the book.

The count is of numbered figures indexed, not of raw image objects in the PDF. A single printed figure can be made of several image files, so the raw count is always higher and is not the figure count.

Figure What it shows Chapter Page
9.1 The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface lie in the same plane. 9 222
9.2 The Cartesian Sign Convention. 9 222
9.3 Focus of a concave and convex mirror. 9 223
9.4 Geometry of reflection of an incident ray on (a) concave spherical mirror, and (b) convex spherical mirror. 9 224
9.5 Ray diagram for image formation by a concave mirror. 9 224
9.6 Image formation by (a) a concave mirror with object between P and F, and (b) a convex mirror. 9 226
9.8 Refraction and reflection of light. 9 228
9.9 Lateral shift of a ray refracted 9 229
9.11 Refraction and internal reflection of rays from a point A in the denser medium (water) incident at different angles at the interface with a rarer medium (air). 9 230
9.13 Prisms designed to bend rays by 90° and 180° or to invert image without changing its size make use of total internal reflection. 9 231
9.14 Light undergoes successive total internal reflections as it moves through an optical fibre. 9 232
9.15 Refraction at a spherical surface separating two media. 9 233
9.16 (a) shows the geometry of image formation by a double convex lens. The image formation can be seen in terms of two steps: (i) The first refracting surface forms the image $I_1$ of the object O [Fig. 9.16(b)]. The image $I_1$ acts as a virtual object for the second surface that forms the image at I [Fig. 9.16(c)]. Applying Eq. (9.15) to the first interface ABC, we get 9 234
9.17 Tracing rays through (a) convex lens (b) concave lens. 9 235
9.19 Image formation by a combination of two thin lenses in contact. 9 237
9.21 A ray of light passing through a triangular glass prism. 9 239
9.22 Plot of angle of deviation ($\delta$) versus angle of incidence ($i$) for a triangular prism. 9 240
9.23 A simple microscope: (a) the magnifying lens is located such that the image is at the near point, (b) the angle subtended by the object, is the same as that at the near point, and (c) the object near the focal point of the lens; the image is far off but closer than infinity. 9 241
9.24 Ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope. 9 243
9.26 Schematic diagram of a reflecting telescope (Cassegrain). 9 246
10.1 (a)** A diverging spherical wave emanating from a point source. The wavefronts are spherical. 10 257
10.2 $F_1F_2$ represents the spherical wavefront (with O as centre) at $t = 0$. The envelope of the secondary wavelets emanating from $F_1F_2$ produces the forward moving wavefront $G_1G_2$. The backwave $D_1D_2$ does not exist. 10 257
10.4 A plane wave AB is incident at an angle $i$ on the surface $PP'$ separating medium 1 and medium 2. The plane wave undergoes refraction and CE represents the refracted wavefront. The figure corresponds to $v_2 < v_1$ so that the refracted waves bends towards the normal. 10 258
10.5 Refraction of a plane wave incident on a rarer medium for which $v_2 > v_1$. The plane wave bends away from the normal. 10 260
10.6 Reflection of a plane wave AB by the reflecting surface MN. AB and CE represent incident and reflected wavefronts. 10 261
10.7 Refraction of a plane wave by (a) a thin prism, (b) a convex lens. (c) Reflection of a plane wave by a concave mirror. 10 261
10.8 (a) Two needles oscillating in phase in water represent two coherent sources. 10 262
10.10 Locus of points for which $S_1P – S_2P$ is equal to zero, $\pm\lambda, \pm 2\lambda, \pm 3\lambda$. 10 263
10.11 If two sodium lamps illuminate two pinholes $S_1$ and $S_2$, the intensities will add up and no interference fringes will be observed on the screen. 10 265
10.12 Young's arrangement to produce interference pattern. 10 265
10.13 Computer generated fringe pattern produced by two point source S₁ and S₂ on the screen GG' (Fig. 10.12); d = 0.025 mm, D = 5 cm and λ = 5 × 10⁻⁵ cm.) (Adopted from OPTICS by A. Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.) 10 266
10.14 The geometry of path differences for diffraction by a single slit. 10 267
10.15 Intensity distribution and photograph of fringes due to diffraction at single slit. 10 267
10.16 Holding two blades to form a single slit. A bulb filament viewed through this shows clear diffraction bands. 10 268
10.17 (a) The curves represent the displacement of a string at $t = 0$ and at $t = \Delta t$, respectively when a sinusoidal wave is propagating in the $+x$-direction. (b) The curve represents the time variation of the displacement at $x = 0$ when a sinusoidal wave is propagating in the $+x$-direction. At $x = \Delta x$, the time variation of the displacement will be slightly displaced to the right. 10 269
10.18 (a) Passage of light through two polaroids $P_2$ and $P_1$. The transmitted fraction falls from 1 to 0 as the angle between them varies from $0^\circ$ to $90^\circ$. Notice that the light seen through a single polaroid $P_1$ does not vary with angle. (b) Behaviour of the electric vector when light passes through two polaroids. The transmitted polarisation is the component parallel to the polaroid axis. The double arrows show the oscillations of the electric vector. 10 271
11.1 Experimental arrangement for study of photoelectric effect. 11 277
11.2 Variation of Photoelectric current with intensity of light. 11 278
11.3 Variation of photocurrent with collector plate potential for different intensity of incident radiation. 11 278
11.4 Variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for different frequencies of incident radiation. 11 279
11.5 Variation of stopping potential $V_0$ with frequency $\nu$ of incident radiation for a given photosensitive material. 11 279
12.1 Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment. The entire apparatus is placed in a vacuum chamber (not shown in this figure). 12 292
12.2 Schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsden experiment. 12 292
12.3 Experimental data points (shown by dots) on scattering of $\alpha$-particles by a thin foil at different angles obtained by Geiger and Marsden using the setup shown in Figs. 12.1 and 12.2. Rutherford's nuclear model predicts the solid curve which is seen to be in good agreement with experiment. 12 293
12.4 Trajectory of $\alpha$-particles in the coulomb field of a target nucleus. The impact parameter, $b$ and scattering angle $\theta$ are also depicted. 12 294
12.6 An accelerated atomic electron must spiral into the nucleus as it loses energy. 12 298
12.7 The energy level diagram for the hydrogen atom. The electron in a hydrogen atom at room temperature spends most of its time in the ground state. To ionise a hydrogen atom an electron from the ground state, 13.6 eV of energy must be supplied. (The horizontal lines specify the presence of allowed energy states.) 12 300
12.8 A standing wave is shown on a circular orbit where four de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of the orbit. 12 301
13.1 The binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number. 13 312
13.2 Potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. For a separation greater than $r_0$, the force is attractive and for separations less than $r_0$, the force is strongly repulsive. 13 313
14.1 The energy band positions in a semiconductor at 0 K. The upper band, called the conduction band, consists of infinitely large number of closely spaced energy states. The lower band, called the valence band, consists of closely spaced completely filled energy states. 14 326
14.2 Difference between energy bands of (a) metals, (b) insulators and (c) semiconductors. 14 326
14.3 Three-dimensional diamond-like crystal structure for Carbon, Silicon or Germanium with respective lattice spacing $a$ equal to 3.56, 5.43 and 5.66 Å. 14 327
14.4 Schematic two-dimensional representation of Si or Ge structure showing covalent bonds at low temperature (all bonds intact). +4 symbol indicates inner cores of Si or Ge. 14 328
14.5 (a) Schematic model of generation of hole at site 1 and conduction electron due to thermal energy at moderate temperatures. (b) Simplified representation of possible thermal motion of a hole. The electron from the lower left hand covalent bond (site 2) goes to the earlier hole site 1, leaving a hole at its site indicating an apparent movement of the hole from site 1 to site 2. 14 328
14.6 (a) An intrinsic semiconductor at $T = 0$ K behaves like insulator. (b) At $T > 0$ K, four thermally generated electron-hole pairs. The filled circles (●) represent electrons and empty circles (○) represent holes. 14 329
14.7 (a) Pentavalent donor atom (As, Sb, P, etc.) doped for tetravalent Si or Ge giving n-type semiconductor, and (b) Commonly used schematic representation of n-type material which shows only the fixed cores of the substituent donors with one additional effective positive charge and its associated extra electron. 14 330
14.8 (a) Trivalent acceptor atom (In, Al, B etc.) doped in tetravalent Si or Ge lattice giving p-type semiconductor. (b) Commonly used schematic representation of p-type material which shows only the fixed core of the substituent acceptor with one effective additional negative charge and its associated hole. 14 331
14.9 Energy bands of (a) n-type semiconductor at $T > 0\text{K}$, (b) p-type semiconductor at $T > 0\text{K}$. 14 332
14.10 p-n junction formation process. 14 333
14.11 (a) Diode under equilibrium (V = 0). (b) Barrier potential under no bias. 14 334
14.12 (a) Semiconductor diode. (b) Symbol for p-n junction diode. 14 334
14.13 (a) p-n junction diode under forward bias, (b) Barrier potential (1) without battery, (2) Low battery voltage, and (3) High voltage battery. 14 335
14.14 Forward bias minority carrier injection. 14 335
14.15 (a) Diode under reverse bias. 14 336
14.16 Experimental circuit arrangement for studying $V-I$ characteristics of a p-n junction diode (a) in forward bias, (b) in reverse bias. (c) Typical $V-I$ characteristics of a silicon diode. 14 336
14.18 (a) Half-wave rectifier circuit, (b) Input ac voltage and output voltage waveforms from the rectifier circuit. 14 338
14.19 (a) A Full-wave rectifier circuit; (b) Input wave forms given to the diode D₁ at A and to the diode D₂ at B; (c) Output waveform across the load Rₗ connected in the full-wave rectifier circuit. 14 339
14.20 (a) A full-wave rectifier with capacitor filter, (b) Input and output voltage of rectifier in (a). 14 340

No figure images are rendered on this landing page — an index does not need the artwork, and the figures themselves belong on the chapter pages where each one is explained.

How to study the six chapters: order, mistakes, one worked check

Revision order that follows the book’s logic

  1. Chapter 9 first — it is the longest chapter (34 pages), and Chapter 10 reuses its refraction and reflection vocabulary.
  2. Chapter 10 next — it answers the wave questions Chapter 9’s ray approach leaves open, especially interference and diffraction.
  3. Chapter 11 third — it closes the wave-particle question Chapter 10 opens, so the photoelectric effect lands right after you have thought about light as a wave.
  4. Chapters 12 then 13 — Bohr’s energy-level idea (12.4, p.297) feeds directly into binding energy and mass-energy (13.4, p.310); the pair share the same mental model of the atom’s interior.
  5. Chapter 14 last — it is self-contained and figure-driven, so it revises fastest when you are freshest.

Three mistakes that cost marks

Each row names the mistake, the correct rule, and a quick check you can do at the end of a problem.

Mistake Correct rule How to check your answer
Dropping the negative sign for a concave mirror in the mirror equation The Cartesian sign convention (Fig. 9.2, p.222) makes distances measured against the incident ray negative; apply it before substituting into \( \frac{1}{v} = \frac{1}{f} – \frac{1}{u} \) (9.2.3, p.224) A real object in front of a concave mirror must give \( v \lt 0 \); a positive \( v \) means a dropped sign
Confusing intensity and frequency in the photoelectric effect Intensity changes photocurrent (Fig. 11.3, p.278); frequency changes stopping potential (Fig. 11.5, p.279). A brighter lamp does not eject faster electrons Ask which graph changes: brighter light means more electrons at the same speed; a different colour means a different speed
Inverting donor and acceptor in doping A pentavalent donor gives n-type; a trivalent acceptor gives p-type (section 14.4, Figs. 14.7 and 14.8, pp.330-331) n-type carries extra electrons (negative carriers); p-type carries holes (positive carriers). Match the majority carrier to the dopant

One worked check: mirror equation with new numbers

Work one mirror calculation yourself to see where the sign slip happens. Take a concave mirror with focal length \( f = -20\ \text{cm} \) and an object \( 60\ \text{cm} \) from the pole. Under the Cartesian sign convention, both \( f \) and \( u \) are negative because the incident ray travels toward the mirror.

\[ \frac{1}{v} = \frac{1}{f} – \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{-20} – \frac{1}{-60} = -\frac{1}{20} + \frac{1}{60} = -\frac{3}{60} + \frac{1}{60} = -\frac{2}{60} = -\frac{1}{30} \]

So \( v = -30\ \text{cm} \): the image is real and inverted, \( 30\ \text{cm} \) in front of the mirror, and half the object’s size, since magnification is \( m = -\frac{v}{u} = -\frac{1}{2} \).

The point of the check: both \( f \) and \( u \) carried negative signs under the Cartesian convention. Dropping either one turns a real, inverted image into the wrong answer — that is the slip students make in the exam hall.

Three places to go next:

For revision once you have found the chapter, the Class 12 Physics revision notes on this site work through the same syllabus chapter by chapter; the Class 12 notes hub covers every subject, and the CBSE notes index lists notes for all classes.

The official chapter files live on ncert.nic.in as leph201.pdf through leph206.pdf. Chapter 9’s official PDF (leph201.pdf), for example, is the file to open if you want to check the mirror equation derivation against the printed text.

Sources and data verification

  • Where the counts come from: the figures, section titles and page numbers on this page are indexed from the NCERT Class 12 Physics Part II textbook — chapters 9 to 14, pages 221 to 343 of the official PDF on ncert.nic.in.
  • What this page covers: the six chapters of Part II that this page indexes. It does not cover Part I (the first eight chapters, a separate NCERT publication) or the Class 12 Physics practical book.
  • Session: this listing is maintained for the 2026-27 academic session.
  • Who settles what: NCERT settles textbooks, editions and official PDFs; CBSE settles curriculum, syllabus and examinations. Textbook contents and the examinable syllabus are not always identical — check the current official syllabus.

Ch. Chapter Pages Official PDF
9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 34 PDF
10 Wave Optics 19 PDF
11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 16 PDF
12 Atoms 16 PDF
13 Nuclei 17 PDF
14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits 21 PDF


Ch. Chapter page
9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
10 Wave Optics (coming soon)
11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (coming soon)
12 Atoms (coming soon)
13 Nuclei (coming soon)
14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits (coming soon)

Reference: NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook, official edition on ncert.nic.in. Figure captions and section titles quoted from the textbook; page references are to the official PDF.

FAQs: Class 12 Physics Part II, answered

How many chapters are in the NCERT Class 12 Physics Part II book?

Six. Chapter 9 (Ray Optics and Optical Instruments), Chapter 10 (Wave Optics), Chapter 11 (Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter), Chapter 12 (Atoms), Chapter 13 (Nuclei) and Chapter 14 (Semiconductor Electronics). They run from page 221 to page 343 of the official PDF.

Which chapters are in Physics Part I and which are in Part II?

Part I holds the first eight chapters, covering electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic waves. Part II holds chapters 9 to 14 — optics, the dual nature of radiation and matter, atoms, nuclei, and semiconductor electronics.

Where can I get the official NCERT Class 12 Physics Part II PDF?

The official PDFs are on ncert.nic.in, one file per chapter, named leph201.pdf through leph206.pdf. Each row of the chapter directory above links to its own file; the first, the official PDF of Chapter 9 (leph201.pdf), covers Ray Optics and Optical Instruments.

Which chapter covers the photoelectric effect?

Chapter 11, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter. The experimental study begins at section 11.4 on page 277, and Einstein’s photoelectric equation follows at section 11.6 on page 281 — the official Chapter 11 PDF (leph203.pdf) has the full treatment.

Does the Class 12 Physics Part II book have activities?

No. None of the six chapters sets activities — the count is zero for every chapter. The book carries exercise questions instead, 71 in total across Part II.

Which chapter has the p-n junction diode and rectifier circuits?

Chapter 14, Semiconductor Electronics. The p-n junction is section 14.5 (p.333), the diode under forward and reverse bias is section 14.6 (p.334), and the half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits are in section 14.7 (p.338).

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