NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Book Chemistry II: Chapters 6-10

The NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Book Chemistry II is the second of the two official Class 12 Chemistry volumes published by NCERT, and it holds the five chapters numbered 6 to 10. Class 12 Chemistry is a two-volume set, and this is the organic and biomolecules half. The official PDFs for all five chapters are in the download table below.

Beyond the files, this page says what is actually inside the book: how many named sections, numbered figures and exercise questions each chapter carries, measured from the book itself. Use the chapter directory to find where the \( S_N2 \) mechanism, the carbonyl group or the α-helix sits before you open the PDF.

Download the official NCERT PDFs

All five files in the table below are NCERT’s own official PDFs, hosted on ncert.nic.in and free to download — the same chapter files NCERT publishes for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry. Each row lists the chapter, its title, how many pages it runs and the direct link to the official file.

Class 12 Chemistry PDF: the book at a glance

Six numbers describe the whole volume before you open any file:

• 5 chapters, numbered 6 to 10 — the complete Chemistry II volume.
• 5 verified official PDFs, every one linked in the table above.
• 144 printed pages across the five chapters, from 22-page chapters to 34-page ones.
• 81 named sections — the textbook’s own numbered headings, not the CBSE syllabus.
• 18 verified numbered figures indexed from the textbook, with captions listed below.
• 105 exercise questions — a heavy practice load for a volume this short, and only one chapter drops below 20 questions.

The 18 figures, with their printed captions

The caption column below quotes the book’s printed text verbatim. The 18 verified numbered figures indexed from the textbook are listed here so you can jump straight to the diagram you need — the \( S_N2 \) mechanism is figure 6.2, the α-helix is 10.1.

Chemistry Class 12 chapters: what each chapter teaches

The directory below is taken from the book itself: one row per chapter, with columns that count what the book actually prints. A section is one of NCERT’s own numbered headings, a figure is a numbered figure indexed from the textbook, and a question is an end-of-chapter exercise item.

Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

The student who needs this chapter is the one facing haloalkanes and haloarenes — substitution reactions, \( S_N1 \) and \( S_N2 \) mechanisms and chirality. The book’s summary opens by classifying alkyl and aryl halides as mono, di or polyhalogen compounds depending on how many halogen atoms their structures carry, and the preparation methods and chemical reactions build on that classification.

1. Classification (6.1)
   • 6.1.1 On the Basis of Number of Halogen Atoms
   • 6.1.2 Compounds Containing \( sp^3 \) \( \text{C-X} \) Bond (X = F, Cl, Br, I)
2. Nature of \( \text{C-X} \) Bond (6.3)
3. Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes (6.4)
   • 6.4.1 From Alcohols
   • 6.4.2 From Hydrocarbons
   • 6.4.3 Halogen Exchange
4. Preparation of (i) Haloarenes (6.5)
5. Physical Properties (6.6)
6. Chemical Reactions (6.7)
   • 6.7.1 Reactions of Haloalkanes
   • 6.7.2 Reactions of Haloarenes
7. Polyhalogen Compounds (6.8)
   • 6.8.1 Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)
   • 6.8.2 Trichloromethane (Chloroform)
   • 6.8.3 Triiodomethane (Iodoform)
   • 6.8.4 Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride)
   • 6.8.5 Freons
   • 6.8.6 p,p’-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)

With 7 of the book’s 18 indexed figures and 22 exercise questions, chapter 6 is the most diagram-heavy chapter in the volume. Figures 6.2 and 6.3 carry the \( S_N2 \) mechanism — the red incoming hydroxide ion and green outgoing halide — and figures 6.4 to 6.7 build chirality from common objects to a molecule and its mirror image.

Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

This chapter teaches the three oxygen-functional families — alcohols, phenols and ethers — where nomenclature decides a large share of the marks. The book classifies alcohols and phenols by the number of hydroxyl groups and by the hybridisation of the carbon holding the hydroxyl group (\( sp^3 \) or \( sp^2 \)), while ethers are classified on a separate basis.

1. Classification (7.1)
   • 7.1.1 Alcohols — Mono, Di, Tri or Polyhydric alcohols
   • 7.1.2 Phenols — Mono, Di and trihydric phenols
   • 7.1.3 Ethers
2. Nomenclature (7.2)
3. Structures of Functional Groups (7.3)
4. Alcohols and Phenols (7.4)
   • 7.4.1 Preparation of Alcohols
   • 7.4.2 Preparation of Phenols
   • 7.4.3 Physical Properties
   • 7.4.4 Chemical Reactions
5. Some Commercially Important Alcohols (7.5)
6. Ethers (7.6)
   • 7.6.1 Preparation of Ethers (by dehydration of alcohols)
   • 7.6.2 Physical Properties
   • 7.6.3 Chemical Reactions
7. Predict the products of the following reactions (7.12)

With only 1 indexed figure — 7.1, the structures of methanol, phenol and methoxymethane — but 24 exercise questions, the second-highest load in the book, chapter 7’s work is reaction writing and nomenclature, not diagram reading.

Chapter 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

This is the chapter of the carbonyl group and the carboxyl group: aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, where nucleophilic addition and bond-cleavage reactions fill the exercise list. The book’s summary notes that these are highly polar molecules, which is why they boil at higher temperatures than the corresponding hydrocarbons.

1. Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group (8.1)
   • 8.1.2 Structure of the Carbonyl Group
2. Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones (8.2)
   • 8.2.2 Preparation of Aldehydes
   • 8.2.3 Preparation of Ketones (from acyl chlorides)
3. Physical Properties (8.3)
4. Chemical Reactions (8.4)
5. Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones (8.5)
6. Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group (8.6)
   • 8.6.2 Structure of Carboxyl Group
7. Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids (8.7)
8. Physical Properties (8.8)
9. Chemical Reactions (8.9)
   • 8.9.1 Reactions Involving Cleavage of \( \text{O-H} \) Bond
   • 8.9.2 Reactions Involving Cleavage of \( \text{C-OH} \) Bond
   • 8.9.3 Reactions Involving \( \text{-COOH} \) Group
   • 8.9.4 Substitution Reactions in the Hydrocarbon Part
10. Uses of Carboxylic Acids (8.10)

With 2 figures — 8.1, the orbital diagram for the formation of the carbonyl group, and 8.2, nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon — and 20 exercise questions, chapter 8 is where the bond-cleavage classification (\( \text{O-H} \), \( \text{C-OH} \) or the whole \( \text{-COOH} \) group) matters most, and the exercise set follows that same division.

Chapter 9: Structure of Amines

The lightest chapter in the book: one functional group, amines as ammonia derivatives, with classification and nomenclature doing most of the work. The book’s definition opens the summary — replacing one hydrogen atom of ammonia with an alkyl or aryl group gives a structure of the type \( R\text{-}NH_2 \).

1. Structure of Amines (9.1)
2. Classification (9.2)
3. Nomenclature (9.3)
4. Preparation of Amines (9.4)
5. Physical Properties (9.5)
6. Chemical Reactions (9.6)
7. Physical Properties (9.8)
8. Chemical Reactions (9.9)

With 2 figures — 9.1, the pyramidal shape of trimethylamine, and 9.2, intermolecular hydrogen bonding in primary amines — and just 14 exercise questions over 22 pages, chapter 9 is the quickest single-sitting revision in the volume. Physical Properties and Chemical Reactions each print twice (9.5 and 9.8, then 9.6 and 9.9), so the section numbers matter when revising.

Chapter 10: Carbohydrates

The biology-flavoured outlier: sections run from carbohydrates to proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids and hormones, so this chapter rewards memorising structures more than writing mechanisms. Hold onto monosaccharides and polysaccharides, the α-helix and β-pleated sheet, nucleotides and vitamins.

The book’s summary defines the field: carbohydrates are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or molecules that give such units on hydrolysis, and they fall into three groups — monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

1. Carbohydrates (10.1)
   • 10.1.1 Classification of Carbohydrates
   • 10.1.2 Monosaccharides
   • 10.1.3 Disaccharides
   • 10.1.4 Polysaccharides
2. Proteins (10.2)
   • 10.2.1 Amino Acids
   • 10.2.2 Classification of Amino Acids
   • 10.2.3 Structure of Proteins
   • 10.2.4 Denaturation of Proteins
3. Enzymes (10.3)
   • 10.3.1 Mechanism of Enzyme Action
4. Vitamins (10.4)
   • 10.4.1 Classification of Vitamins
5. Nucleic Acids (10.5)
   • 10.5.1 Chemical Composition of Nucleic Acids
   • 10.5.2 Structure of Nucleic Acids
   • 10.5.3 Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids
6. Hormones (10.6)

With 6 figures — 10.1 to 10.6, from the α-helix and β-pleated sheet to the nucleoside, nucleotide and dinucleotide — and 25 exercise questions, the most in the book, chapter 10 rewards learning structures, not just reactions.

Class 12th Chemistry chapters and their study pages

The study pages on this site work through each chapter section by section. The table below shows which chapters have a page ready and which are still being prepared.

How to use the Class 12 Chemistry book for revision

A revision order that follows the book’s own logic:

1. Work chapters 6, 7 and 8 in sequence first. They share the same reaction-writing vocabulary — carbon-halogen, carbon-oxygen and carbonyl reactivity — and together carry 66 of the book’s 105 exercise questions.
2. Do chapter 9 next. At 14 questions it is the lightest load in the volume — one functional group, done in one sitting.
3. Leave chapter 10 last. Its 25 questions and 6 figures are mostly structure memorisation, which sticks better at the end of a revision block.

Scheduling note: the three long chapters (6, 7 and 8 — 32 to 34 pages each) need two sessions each, while the two 22-page chapters (9 and 10) can be finished in one sitting each, even though they sit at opposite ends of the question load — 14 against 25.

Which Class 12 Chemistry textbook do you need?

Class 12 Chemistry is published by NCERT in two volumes, and this page covers only the second one. The NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Book Chemistry II holds chapters 6 to 10 — the organic chemistry and biomolecules half of the course.

• Chemistry I is the first volume, carrying the chapters numbered 1 to 5. That is where the physical and inorganic chemistry of Class 12 sits, not in this book.
• If you searched for “inorganic chemistry class 12”, this is not the volume you need — Chemistry II is carbon compounds and biomolecules. Both volumes together form the complete NCERT Class 12 Chemistry textbook set.

Related NCERT book pages

More NCERT pages on this site:

• All NCERT books — the root index of every class and subject covered here.
• Class 12 NCERT books — the hub for all Class 12 subjects.
• NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Book Chemistry I — the sibling first volume holding chapters 1 to 5.

Sources and data verification

This listing is maintained for the 2026-27 academic session using the NCERT textbook information available to us. NCERT remains the authority for confirming the latest edition.

• The counts on this page describe the official NCERT Class 12 Chemistry II textbook as published on ncert.nic.in (PDFs lech201-lech205): 5 chapters, 144 printed pages, 81 named sections, 18 verified numbered figures and 105 exercise questions.
• This page covers Chemistry II (chapters 6 to 10) only — not Chemistry I, and not the full CBSE scheme of studies.
• The listing is maintained for the current academic session using the NCERT information available to us.
• NCERT settles textbooks, editions and PDFs; CBSE settles curriculum, syllabus and examinations. Textbook contents and the examinable syllabus are not always identical — check the current official syllabus.

FAQs about the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry II book

How many chapters are in the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry II book?

Five. The volume runs from Chapter 6 (Haloalkanes and Haloarenes) to Chapter 10 (Carbohydrates), covering 144 printed pages. All five chapters are listed in the download table above with their official PDF links.

Is the Class 12 Chemistry II PDF on this page the official NCERT file?

Yes. Every link in the download table points to NCERT’s own files (lech201-lech205), hosted on ncert.nic.in, and they are free to download. The section, figure and question counts on this page describe that same official edition.

Which chapter of Class 12 Chemistry II covers SN1 and SN2 reactions?

Chapter 6, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. The mechanisms sit inside the section on reactions of haloalkanes (6.7), and the chapter’s figures include the \( S_N2 \) diagram — red ball for the incoming hydroxide ion, green ball for the outgoing halide — and the steric-effects comparison (figures 6.2 and 6.3).

Where are proteins, vitamins and nucleic acids in the Class 12 Chemistry book?

All three are in Chapter 10, Carbohydrates, the book’s biomolecules chapter. Proteins sit in section 10.2 with their amino acid building blocks, vitamins in 10.4, and nucleic acids in 10.5 — and the chapter’s six figures cover exactly those structures.

Where does Class 12 inorganic chemistry sit in the NCERT books?

Not in this volume. Chemistry II carries the organic and biomolecule chapters (6 to 10), while the physical and inorganic topics sit in the first NCERT volume, Chemistry I, with chapters 1 to 5.

Reference: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry textbook, official edition on ncert.nic.in. Figure captions and section titles quoted from the textbook.